Areas of Scientific Research
This section is under construction.
The following disciplines are suggested to get students thinking about general areas of study. The student's grade, background, and previous experience will guide what might interest them. This is for guidance purposes only. There are many possible areas in which to do research. Student research is not expected to be original although some experienced student researchers do conduct original research and occasionally make new discoveries.
1. ANIMAL & HUMAN SCIENCES – The study of all animals and animal life (including humans), and the study of diagnosing, treating and preventing disease. This includes the studies of cells, cell processes and genetics. This also includes the study of the behavior of animals. It does not include the study of human behavior. See Human Behavior below.
2. BOTANY – The study of plants. This includes all aspects of genetics that involve plants or plant cells.
3. CHEMICAL SCIENCE – The study of matter, its properties and the changes it undergoes.
4. CHEMISTRY – The study of the composition, structure, properties and reactions of matter, especially of atomic and molecular systems.
5. ECOLOGY/EARTH SCIENCES – The study of the environment alone and/or the interactions of living things with the environment and the study of the earth, structure of the earth and sciences related to the earth.
6. ENGINEERING & MATHEMATICS – The study of the practical application of the design, materials, construction, and operation of physical systems, and any study relating to mathematics, statistics or computer programming.
7. ENGINEERING – The application of scientific and mathematical principles to practical ends such as the design, materials, construction, and operation of efficient and economical physical systems.
8. ENVIRONMENTAL & EARTH SCIENCE – The study of the effects resulting from the natural and/or man-made environment or effects from pollution factors. This also includes the study of the history of the earth, structure of the earth and its environment including archeology, geology, meteorology, oceanography, and paleontology.
9. HUMAN BEHAVIOR – The study of all aspects of learning and behavior of humans.
10. MATHEMATICS, STATISTICS & COMPUTER SCIENCE – The studies of problems in all mathematical areas; pure and applied statistics; and computers, computer programs, and programming.
11. MEDICINE & HEALTH – The study of the various sciences related to structure, function, and diseases of humans and laboratory animals.
12. MICROBIOLOGY & CELL BIOLOGY – Any aspect of the study of microorganisms (bacteria, protozoans, algae, and fungi); and the study of the cellular and subcellular levels involving chemistry, biochemistry and molecular biology.
13. PHYSICAL SCIENCE – The study of matter and energy and the interaction between the two. This does not include chemical change and does include astronomy.
14. PHYSICS – The study of inanimate matter and energy relationships exclusive of chemical change. This also includes astronomy, the study of the science of the stars, planets, galaxies, and all other heavenly bodies, including the exploration of space by manned and unmanned spacecraft. 16. PSYCHOLOGY (PSY) – The study of all aspects of human thought processes and behavior.
15. PLANT SCIENCES & MICROBIOLOGY – The study of plants and plant life and the study of microorganisms. This includes the studies of cells, cellular processes and genetics as they pertain to plants or microorganisms.
16. ZOOLOGY – The study of invertebrates and vertebrates except for microorganisms. This includes animal but not human behavior and all aspects of genetics that involve animal or animal cells.
Possible Research Projects
The ideas below come from several sources and are not necessarily suitable as a final research project. Use them to develop your own questions, hypothesis, and investigations. Be sure to follow the STARR Research Proposal process as outlined in the IJAS Online Handbook. Each idea is linked to a more detailed explanation.
Biology
Botany
Are organic or inorganic fertilizers more effective?
Comparing the competitive nature of roosters and hens
Comparison of growth rates of plants in and out of greenhouses
Do gases that are released in smoke enhance the germination rate of black pine seeds?
Do plants grow at different rates when given different plant foods?
Do plants grow faster when grown hydroponically instead of in soil?
Do plants grown faster hydroponically or in soil?
Does a pineapple grow best in sand, soil or water?
Does classical music help plants grow?
Does salt or sugar affect the growth of alfalfa seeds?
Does temperature affect the rate at which seeds sprout?
Does the size of kidney bean seeds affect the speed and success rate of germination?
Effect of caffeine on plant growth
Effect of electricity on plant growth
Effect of fertilizer on plant growth
Effect of milk on plant growth
Effect of moisture on direction of root growth
Effect of water hardness on seed germination
Examining the effect of watering on plant growth
How do different cooking alternatives affect the Vitamin C content in vegetables?
How do microwaves affect seed germination?
How do moisture and earthworms affect the quality of soil?
How does acid rain affect seed germination?
How does nitrogen affect plant growth?
How does salt water affect plant growth?
How does temperature affect the rate of growth of algae?
How does the quality of soil vary from one county to another?
How is the growth of cauliflower plants affected by different salts?
How is the growth of strawberries affected by the soil PH level?
How to grow plants from fragmentation
Ionizing radiation and plant growth
Is it more effective to sprout seeds in jars rather than in cloth?
Pavlovian conditioning in plants
Plant density and rate of growth
Plantfairies and plantmonsters: Adventures in Mendelian genetics
Soil types and water retention
The effect of vitamin D on plant growth
The relationship between the pH level of soil and plant growth video
The Usefulness of Plant Growth Enhancers
What effect do magnets have on the growth of seedlings?
What effect do tobacco and alcohol have on seed germination?
What happens to plants when their environment gets over-crowded?
What is pH and how does it affect the suitability of soil for plant growth?
What is the best depth for growing bean plants in potting soil?
What is the effect of gibberellic acid on plant growth?
What is transpiration and which plants have the greatest transpiration rates?
What is vegetable propagation and which are the best ways to do achieve this?
What the most drought resistant type of grass?
Which vitamin prevents antioxidants most efficiently in seeds?
Forensic Science
How do different Types of Soil Affect the Growth of a Pinto Bean?
The effect of surface temperature on fingerprints
What environmental factors favor decomposition by soil microbes
Human Anatomy
A comparison of response time across genders - the "Ruler drop test"
Are You Fit? Testing Lung Capacity
Blue light and its Effects on the human Brain
Can you determine the sex of a person by just looking at his/her feet?
Can You Taste With a Plugged Nose? How Smell Affects Taste
Do boys and girls have different resting pulse rates?
Do burning wood stoves induce or contribute to respiratory illnesses?
Do different types of sunblock have different protection strengths?
Do groups of people have different blood pressure readings?
Do people from different backgrounds have different lung capacities?
Do singers have a larger lung capacity than non-singers?
Does caffeine raise a person's blood pressure?
Does jet-lag affect the performance of professional athletes?
Does the body become cooler more quickly with the help of a fan? If so, why?
Effect of carbonated drinks on the erosion of tooth enamel
Gender differences and lung capacity
Gender differences and olfactory perception
How concerned are 7th graders with their health?
How exactly do eyeglasses work?
How good is a person's sense of smell?
How hand-Eye coordination is influenced by age
How quickly does the blood sugar level in our bodies change when high energy foods are consumed?
How to compare reflexes between different people
Is our heartbeat affected by music?
Is there a blind spot in a human being's vision and if so, how can we find it?
Measuring hair growth rates and fiber strengths under different conditions
Our ability to identify natural and synthetic scents Featured science project
Recognition of Facial Expression
The Golden Ratio: The power of attraction
What are the best places on your body to measure your pulse?
What does phosphoric acid do to tooth enamel?
What is the cause of today's problems in the ozone layer?
What is the effect of different types of fluids on our kidneys?
What is the effect of music beat on a kid's blood pressure?
What types of alcohol have a greater dehydrating effect on our bodies?
Human Psychology – Education
Are boys better than girls at math?
Carbon dioxide and the acidification of our oceans
Comparing the reading abilities of boys and girls
Do we learn better by reading or listening?
Does eating your breakfast help you perform better in school?
Does music facilitate short term memory?
Does the gender of a baby affect its preference for toys?
Examining the relationship between gender and short term memory
How much do students know about deforestation?
How much do students know about pollution?
How quickly do we respond to colors?
How well can a person remember things that he or she sees on television?
Improving one's memory by story linking
Is colored or black & white text more easily remembered?
Is there such thing as a superior teaching method?
Zoology
Aggressive Behavior: Going Head To Head With A Betta
Are Ants Picky Over Their Food? Do They Have Any Preference?
Bird Beaks: What They Can Tell You About A Bird.
Comparing The Learning Abilities Of Hamsters And Mice
Comparing The Learning Abilities Of Male And Female Mice
Diffusion And Osmosis In Animal Cells
Do Ants Produce Acid When Antagonised?
Do Ants React Differently In The Dark?
Do Cockroaches Have A Sense Of Direction?
Do Mealworms Move Differently On Different Types Of Surfaces?
Does A Mouse Smell Or See Better?
Does Androstenedione Affect A Rodent's Weight?
How Do Cats Respond To Bird Sound Recordings?
How Food Supplements Affect Weight Gain Of Juvenile Mice
How The Frequency At Which A Cricket Chirps Can Be Affected By External Factors
Is An Animal's Sleeping Habits Affected By Artificial Light?
Is Creatine Monohydrate The Most Effective Vitamin For Weight Gain In Mice?
Is It Possible To Tell When Mealworms May Be Out Of Breath? Is The Aging Process In Fruit Flies Affected By Oxygen's Radical Roles?
Life In The Trees: Leaf Munchers, Sap Suckers And Twig Mimics
Rats! They Ate My Cables Again!
Show How Animals Hide Themselves From Their Enemies And Predators
Territorial Behavior Of Hamsters
The Effect Of Temperature On The Metamorphosis Of The Painted Lady Butterfly
The Effect Of Time Of Day On The Time It Takes A Hamster To Negotiate A Maze
The Learning Abilities Of Hamsters Who Have Been Showered With Affection
The Metamorphosis Of The Painted Lady Butterfly
The Odds Of Being You: A Zoomonster From Planet Planktonia
The Relationship Between The Size Of A Bird And Its Perching Behavior
Thermoregulation And Tropical Lizards
What Are Factors That Affect A Toad's Respiration?
What Are The Effects Of PH On The Lifespan Of Tadpoles?
What Colors Are Birds Attracted To?
What Effect Does Ultraviolet Radiation Have On Butterflies?
What Is A Mealworm's Favorite Color?
What Is The Effect Of Light On A Crayfish?
Microbiology
Bacteriology
Anti-Microbial Protection With Microban
Bacteria Resistance To Antibiotics
Bacterial Resistant Materials And The Best Disinfectant
Compare The Effect Of Various Commercially Antibacterial Soaps On Bacteria
Comparing The Effectiveness Of Different Disinfectants Against Bacteria
Comparing Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria And Nitrogen Fertalizers
Concentration Of Disinfectant And Survivability Of Bacteria
Do Different Types Of Beef Contain Different Levels Of Antibiotic Additives?
Do Spices In Cooking Kill Microorganisms?
Does Bacteria Become More Resistant To An Antibiotic When Exposed Repeatedly To It?
Does Bacteria Content Increase In A Water Bottle When The Bottle Is Not Properly Washed.
Does Bacteria Obtained From The Feet Of Humans, Rabbits Or Chickens Grow The Fastest?
Examining The Effect Of Acidity And Alkalinity On Bacteria Growth Inhibition
Extreme Temperatures And Its Effect On The Growth Of Bacteria
How Dirty Are Your Dental Retainers?
How Do Electric Fields Affect E.Coli Bacteria?
How Much Bacteria Do Our Hands Contain?
Insects And The Germs They Carry
Measuring Antimicrobial Effectiveness With Zones Of Inhibition
Sunlight And Bacteria Growth In Aquatic Environments
The Effect Of Acids And Alkalis On Bacterial Growth
The Effectiveness Of Household Cleaning Agents For Killing Bacteria
What Is The Effect Of Chlorox On Bacteria
What Is The Effect Of Ultra Violet Light On Bacteria?
What Types Of Acne Medication Are Most Effective Against Acne Causing Bacteria?
Fungi
Designing Indicators For Ecological Effects Of Bioremediation
How Do Different Temperatures Affect The Growth Of Fungi?
The Effect Of Environmental Factors On Wood Decay
The Effect Of Various Treatments On The Mold Growth Of Red D'Anjou Pears
The Fungus Among Us: It's A Bird, It's A Plane, It's A Mold Spore!
What Are The Effects Of Surfactants On Biodegradation And Bioavailability Of Contaminants In Soils?
What Is The Effect Of Acid Rain On Lichens?
What Is The Effect Of Lignin On Biodegradability?
What Is The Effect Of The Influenza A Virus Infection On Nasopharyngeal Colonization?
Virology
Examine The Transport Of Viruses During Artificial Recharge With Recycled Water
Explain The Cytopathic Effect Of Human Rhinovirus Infection On Hela Cells
How Does An Infectious Disease Spread?
What Are The Effects Of Physical And Geochemical Heterogeneity On Virus Transport In Aquifers (SGER)
What Is The Effect Of Bacteria Viruses In Agricultural Soils?
What Is The Effect Of The Influenza A Virus Infection On Nasopharyngeal Colonization?
Yeast
What Is The Effect Of Different Carbohydrates On Yeast Fermentation?
What Is The Effect Of Selenium-Containing, Yeast-Based Foods On Rats?
What Is The Effect Of Ultraviolet Light On Yeast Fermentation?
What Is The Effect Of Yeast Culture On Rumen Fermentation?
What Is The Rate Of Fermentation Of Different Fruit Juices?
Medicine & Health
Allergies
Can Mold Cause Allergic Reactions?
Investigation Of The Immunological Mechanism Inducing Cows’ Milk Sensitive Enteropathy
What Types Of Food Cause The Oral Allergy Syndrome?
Which Brand Of Furnace Filter Strains Air Particles Best?
Which Kinds Of Nasal Allergy Decongestants Dissolve The Quickest In Water And Stomach Acid
Dermatology
Compare The Effectiveness Of Different Body Lotions.
Determining The Effectiveness Of Different Sunscreen Products In Blocking Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation
Effectiveness Of Sunscreens Against Ultra Violet Light Experiment
Foot Problems In Men And Women
Sunscreen Soap And UV Radiation
The Effect Of Shampoos On The Tensile Strength Of Hair
Diseases
Comparing Obesity Among Different Races
Disinfectant Concentration And Bacteria Resistance
Does Sambucus Extract Help Cure The Flu?
Does Supplementary Vitamin C Prevent Colds?
Effectiveness Of Ginger Against Motion Sickness
Iron Supplements And Endurance
The Effect Of Different OTC Medications On The Survival Rate Of Daphnia
The Effect Of Mouthwash On Alpha Streptococcus
What Types Of Mouthwash Will Be The Most Effective Against Bacteria?
What Types Of Soda Have The Worst Effect On Our Teeth?
Miscellaneous
Body Temperature And Thermometers
Can Body Temperature Tell Time Of Day?
Comparing Resting And Exercising Blood Pressure Of 7th Grade Students
Comparing The Performance Of Human Body Fat Measurement Devices
Comparing Two Types Of Music On The Naptime Resting Behavior Of Sleeping Childcare Children
Comparing Vertical And Horizontal Mattress Sutures
Dissolving Tablets More Quickly
Do Canines Or Humans Have More Bacteria In Their Mouths?
Does Antibacterial Hand Soap Kill More Bacteria Than Non-Antibacterial Hand Soap?
Does Exercise Increase Vital Capacity?
Effect Of Practising Yoga On Blood Pressure
Effect Of Smoking On The Sense Of Smell
Effectiveness Of Nasal Dilators In Preventing Snoring
Examining The Effect Of Age On Hand-Eye Coordination
Examining The Relationship Between Lung Capacity And Age
How Does Body Mass Index Affect The Cardiovascular System?
How Does Sleep Affect Your Body's Functioning?
Influence Of Color On Blood Pressure
Is There A Correlation Between A Person's Looks And Friendliness?
Isotonic Drinks And Long-Distance Runners
Sleep And Academic Performance
Staining Of Teeth By Beverages
The Effects Of Antibiotics On Bacterial Growth
Using Daphnia To Study Caffeine And Heart Rate
What Are The Most Effective Cleaning Agents For Our Teeth?
What Is The Change In Blood Pressure Due To Exercise For Two Age Groups?
Which Pain Reliever Has A Faster Dissolution Time: Brand Or Generic?
Which Works Best To Keep Skin Moist?
Nutrition
Aspirin Absorption In Carbohydrate Solutions
Can People Tell The Difference In The Taste Between Regular And Low Fat Foods?
Saturated Fat Levels In Different Types Of Cooking Oil
The Effect Of Gatorade Vs. Water On 7th Graders' Pulse Rates While Exercising
The Effect Of Temperature And Air Exposure On The Ascorbic Acid Content Of Orange Juice
Which Apple Type Changes In Sugar Content Most After Removal From Cold Storage?
Biochemistry
Enzymes
Demonstrate The Effect Of The Enzyme Amylase On Starch
Determining The Properties Of Enzymes
Examine The Interactions Of Class A And C ß-Lactamases As They Interact With ß-Lactam Antibiotics.
Factors Affecting Enzyme Reactions
How Temperature Affects The Catalase Enzyme
How Temperature Affects The Peroxidase Enzyme
Measure The Kinetic Parameters Of Invertase.
Purification Of Soybean Peroxidase
Using Tea Leaves To Enhance Plant Growth
What Is The Dissolution Rate Of Lactase Pills
What Is The Effect Of Catalase On Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)
Genetics
Can Plants Be Genetically Resistant To Heavy Metals?
Does Mass Affect The Emergence Of A Soybean Seed?
Generational Effects Of Acid Rain On Drosophila Melanogaster
A Prescription For Success: Drugs & Your Genetics
The Effect Of Calcium On Hatching Brine Shrimp
Which Parent Affects Fingerprint Pattern Types More?
Molecular Biology
Are Soil Microorganisms Important For Plant Health?
Do Cell Sizes Differ, Depending On The Size Of The Organism?
Does Nature Prefers Strands And Helices In Building Biomolecules?
Examining The Effect Of Temperature On Bacteria
How Does Detergent Affect The Oil Absorbency Rate Of Polypropylene Pads?
Manipulation Of PGE(2) Levels With Various Cytokines Of Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy
Studying The GST-Y10 Protein: Is The C-Domain Resonsible For Histone Interaction?
The Effect Of Pollutants On Light Bioluminescent Bacteria
What Is The Effect Of Anhydrous Ammonia On The Dehydration Rate Of Plant And Animal Cells?
Photosynthesis
Aquatic Plants And Animals And The Acidification Of Our Oceans
Do Different Colors Of Light Affect Plants Differently?
Prove Increased Starch Increases The Process Of Photosynthesis In The Green Plant.
The Effect Of Different Light Wavelengths On Photosynthesis
What Side Of A Plant's Leaf Takes In Atmospheric Gases?
Plant Hormones
Determining The Effectiveness Of Sugar As Preservatives For Flowers
Examine The Effect Of Plant Hormones On Radish Seeds
How Does The Plant Hormone Rootone Affect Plant Growth?
What Effect Does Growth Hormone Supplementation Have On Irradiated Lima Beans.
Chemistry
Environmental Pollution
Are Carbon Filters Less Effective When The Water Contains More Chlorine?
Are Waters In Urban Areas More Poluted Than In Rural Areas?
Dissolved Oxygen And The Temperature Of Water
Do Detergents Affect Plant Growth?
How Can Plants Be Used To Measure The Level Of Air Polution?
How Do Increased CO2 Levels Affect Plant Growth?
How Do Oil Spills Affect Marine Life?
How Do Phospates Affect Oxygen Levels In Water?
How Much Space Does Trash Occupy?
Is The Water Near Animal Pens Contaminated?
The Effect Of Detergents On Brassica Rapa.
The Effect Of Gasoline Fumes On Plants
What Effect Does Ozone Have On The Growth Of Radish Plants?
What Factors Affect Air Pollution In Cities?
What Is Bioremediation And What Conditions Are Required For It?
What Is The Greenhouse Effect And How Can We Demonstrate It?
What Is The Relationship Between Turbidity Levels In Water And The Level Of Dissolved Oxygen?
What Type Of Car Anti-Freeze Is The Most Environment Friendly?
Food Science
A Comparison On The Contamination Of Wet And Dry Food
Comparing Regular Fat And Low Fat Food
Determining The Effectiveness Of Cinnamon Oil As A Natural Insect Repellent
Do Different Brands Of Orange Juice Contain Different Levels Of Vitamin C?
Does Controlled Atmosphere Storage Affect The Malic Acid And Starch Levels In Apples?
Does Cooking Deplete Levels Of Vitamin C In Vegetables?
Does Processed Food Produce More Gas?
Does The PH Level Of The Acid In Our Stomachs Affect The Digestion Of Proteins?
Effect Of Carbonated Drinks On Meat
Effectiveness Of Garlic In Fighting Bacteria
Exposure Of Baby Food And The Degree Of Contamination
How Accurately Do The Egg Producers Measure Their Eggs?
How Does Heat Affect The Coagulation Of Eggs?
How Does The Sugar Concentration Vary In Different Brands Of Apple Juices?
How Much Starch Do Common Foods Contain?
How To Determine The Nutritional Content Of Different Types Of Foods
Is It Possible To Make Jello Using Fresh Pineapples Instead Of Canned Pineapples?
Levels Of Carbohydrates In Different Varieties Of Milk
Make Your Own PH Indicator Using Vegetables
Nutritional Value Of Fast Food Restaurants
What Factors Affect The Yield And Composition Of Meat After Cooking?
What Is Baking Powder And What Is It Used For?
What Is The Effect Of Heat And Acids On Milk Proteins?
Miscellaneous
Can Lettuce Seeds Be Used As A Bioassay Medium For Testing Toxicity?
Comparing The Burning Speed Of Scented And Unscented Candles
Convection And Salinity: How Does Salinity Affect The Movement Of Water?
Effect Of Temperature On Glow Sticks
How Does The PH Level Of Rainwater Differ From One Place To Another?
In Which Temperature Do Crystals Grow Best?
Is Soil A Type Of Electrical System?
Is The Burning Of Trash A Viable Alternative To Land-Fills?
Recycled Water And Plant Growth
Single Displacement Reaction In Metals
The Effect Of Salt And Sugar On The Freezing Point Of Water
The Importance Of Ammonia In The Formation Of Salt Crystals
The Relationship Between Salinity And Temperature
What Are The Different Methods Of Purifying Water?
What Are The Effects Of Polyacrylamide And. Polyacrylate On Soil Erosion?
What Makes Phosphorescence Last Longer?
Which Additives Make The Strongest Gelatin?
Which Brand Of Cooking Spray Works Best?
Physics
Electricity
Does The Angle At Which The Sun's Rays Fall On A Solar Cell Affect The Power That's Produced?
Effect Of Temperature On Battery Life
Effect Of Temperature On Conductivity And Resistance
Electromagnets And The Number Of Coils
How Does Animation Timing Affect Your Perception Of Game Action?
Soil Fertility And Conductivity
The Effect Of Different Electrodes And Electrolytes On Voltage
The Effect Of Temperature On Conductivity And Resistance
What Happens When Voltage Is Increased During Electrolysis?
What Materials Block Radio Waves Most Effectively?
What The Factors That Affect The Strength Of An Electromagnet?
Forces And Motion
Choosing The Best Bike Gear Ratio For Speed
Determine Which Type Of Laminated Beam Is The Strongest
Effect Of Propeller Size On Thrust Produced
Factors That Affect The Transfer Of Force Through Saturated Soil
Golf Clubs, Loft Angle, And Distance: The Science Of Hitting
How Do Magnetic Fields Affect The Rate Of Flow Of Water?
How The Bernoulli's Principle Works For Different Shapes
The Relationship Between The Shape Of A Parachute And Its Drop Velocity
What Is The Best Way To Configure Shock Absorbers?
Thermodynamics
Analyse The Different Heat Retention Capabillities Of Straw, Sand, Paper And Cloth
Do Different Brands Of Sunscreen Have Different Strengths?
Does The Brightness Of A Bulb Vary When Different Gases Are Used To Fill The Bulb?
How Does Wind Speed Affect How Quickly An Object Cools?
How Fast Do Different Types Of Wood Burn?
How Quickly Do Different Types Of Household Fabrics Burn?
Strength Of Different Construction Materials
The Efficacy Of Bioethanol Fuel
Which Materials Are The Best Insulators? What Factors Affect Insulation?
Miscellaneous
Comparing The Effectiveness Of A Light Sensor And A Touch Sensor
Does The Viscosity Of Liquids Affect The Shape Of Droplets?
Drumstick Material And Rebound Characteristics
Effect Of Temperature On Magnets
Effect Of Temperature On Viscosity
How Do Temperature Changes Affect A Tuning Fork's Frequency?
How Does Atmospheric Temperature Affect The Water Content Of Snow?
How Does The Size Of A Speaker Affect Its Frequency Response
Shirt Color And Protection From UV
What Color Can Be Seen Most Clearly Through A Fog?
Solar Energy
Comparing Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
How Different Angles Of Incidence Of Solar Rays Impact The Performance Of A Solar Cell.
How Solar Cells Are Affected By Their Operating Temperatures